Question 1

A representative sample is a group of participants that accurately represents the larger population that the researcher is interested in.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A major disadvantage of using laboratory observation in a research study is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence of researchers may cause participants to act differently than they would in their natural surroundings.
B)   it can be used only for explaining behavior and not for describing it.
C)   it is often considered unethical.
D)   researchers have less control of the situation than they do in a naturalistic observation.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Two sets of observations assessing shoe size and IQ are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   The two variables will be both positively and negatively correlated.
B)   The two variables will be uncorrelated.
C)   The two variables will be negatively correlated.
D)   The two variables will be positively correlated.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than other methods.
B)   The information produced in a case study is easy to interpret.
C)   Data collected during a case study can be easily generalized to other individuals.
D)   Case studies are less susceptible to researcher bias than other methods.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The main advantage of a ______________ study is that the results cannot be influenced by the expectations of either the participants or the experimenters.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   single-blind
C)   double-blind
D)   observationalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   observational study.
B)   correlational study.
C)   case study.
D)   survey.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator and cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are given a real cigarette to smoke immediately before the test. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. The number of collisions the two groups make is to be compared. In this study, the dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the use of nicotine.
B)   the use of a driving simulator.
C)   the number of collisions.
D)   the speed of each driver.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)   height and weight
B)   average income and shoe sizes
C)   average income and the incidence of dental disease
D)   school grades and number of hours spent playing video gamesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

In the scientific use of the term, a "theory" is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a prediction about the outcome of a given experiment or study.
B)   an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a set of observations and how they are related.
C)   a precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies how it will be observed and measured.
D)   a scientist's best guess about the cause of an event or phenomenon.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the...

Question 11

Psychologists are scientists because:

Accepted Answer

A)   they work with complicated computers and laboratory equipment.
B)   they rely upon sophisticated brain-imaging machines.
C)   they base their work on scientific attitudes and procedures.
D)   psychology is related to human biology, which is an important part of science.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

A scientific theory can be thought of as a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   personal opinion.
B)   established truth.
C)   system of assumptions.
D)   empirical proof.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following is critical in testing new drugs because of the optimism that the new drugs may create in the minds of the users?

Accepted Answer

A)   standardization
B)   having a small sample size
C)   laboratory observation
D)   using a placeboE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Ken is given a vocational-interest test and then takes a test, similar in format but with different questions, a week later. The test administrator wants to measure the _______________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)   content validity
B)   test-retest reliability
C)   alternate-forms reliability
D)   criterion validityE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

An association between decreases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a negative correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental methods.
B)   single-blind studies.
C)   significance tests.
D)   descriptive methods.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Observational studies are more useful for describing behavior than for explaining behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)   control variable
B)   confounding variable
C)   independent variable
D)   dependent variableE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

In a control condition, subjects are not exposed to the same treatment of the independent variable as in an experimental condition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   arithmetic mean
B)   p value
C)   confidence interval
D)   standard deviationE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

Ken is given a vocational-interest test and then takes a test, similar in format but with different questions, a week later. The test administrator wants to measure the _______________ of the test.

Correct Answer
verified

The main advantage of a ______________ study is that the results cannot be influenced by the expectations of either the participants or the experimenters.

Correct Answer
verified

A representative sample is a group of participants that accurately represents the larger population that the researcher is interested in.

Correct Answer
verified

A scientific theory can be thought of as a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

A major disadvantage of using laboratory observation in a research study is that:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is critical in testing new drugs because of the optimism that the new drugs may create in the minds of the users?

Correct Answer
verified

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the...
View Answer

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Correct Answer
verified

An association between decreases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a negative correlation.

Correct Answer
verified

In the scientific use of the term, a "theory" is:

Correct Answer
verified

Psychologists are scientists because:

Correct Answer
verified

Two sets of observations assessing shoe size and IQ are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Correct Answer
verified

In a control condition, subjects are not exposed to the same treatment of the independent variable as in an experimental condition.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Correct Answer
verified

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Correct Answer
verified

Observational studies are more useful for describing behavior than for explaining behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

Ken is given a vocational-interest test and then takes a test, similar in format but with different questions, a week later. The test administrator wants to measure the _______________ of the test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main advantage of a ______________ study is that the results cannot be influenced by the expectations of either the participants or the experimenters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A representative sample is a group of participants that accurately represents the larger population that the researcher is interested in.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scientific theory can be thought of as a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major disadvantage of using laboratory observation in a research study is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is critical in testing new drugs because of the optimism that the new drugs may create in the minds of the users?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the...View AnswerShow Answer

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An association between decreases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a negative correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the scientific use of the term, a "theory" is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists are scientists because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two sets of observations assessing shoe size and IQ are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a control condition, subjects are not exposed to the same treatment of the independent variable as in an experimental condition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observational studies are more useful for describing behavior than for explaining behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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verified
A good answer will include the...
View Answer

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