Question 1

You are an obese teenager who enjoys jogging.Your parents are concerned about your health and give you money whenever you jog.According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease
B)  ncrease
C)  upgrade
D)  emphasizeE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of White Americans favoring integrated schools jumped and now includes nearly everyone.This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined.
B)  attitudes influence behavior when they are potent.
C)  moral attitudes feed moral actions.
D)  moral actions feed moral attitudes.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Higgins and Rholes (1978) found that when people say something positive to others when told to,it supported the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  saying becomes believing.
B)  saying does not change our beliefs or feelings.
C)  saying changes the minds of others.
D)  saying does not change the minds of others.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall many happy memories and found their happy mood lingering.This is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory.
B)  self-consistency theory.
C)  cognitive dissonance theory.
D)  self-perception theory.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Self-perception theory assumes that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one tends to give more importance to the opinion of an authority figure than others
B)  justifying one's behavior to reduce one's internal discomfort is common
C)  for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear consistent
D)  hearing oneself talk informs one of one's attitudesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Explicit self-reports are the better predictor than implicit self-reports for:

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes related to gender and sex.
B)  racial attitudes.
C)  attitudes formed early in life.
D)  attitudes related to consumer behavior.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The tension that arises when a person's two thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive tension.
B)  cognitive inconsistency.
C)  cognitive dissonance.
D)  cognitive interference.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Juan needed to decide if he should live with his parents or in a dorm this year.He liked the freedom offered by dorms but knew it was cheaper to live with his parents.According to cognitive dissonance theory,in order to reduce dissonance after deciding to stay at home,Juan will likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  wish that he had decided to move to a dorm.
B)  feel he made the right decision as well as wish he could have afforded living in a dorm.
C)  feel confident that he made the best decision;dorms are expensive and dirty anyway.
D)  change his mind at the last minute and live in a dorm ultimately.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to:

Accepted Answer

A)  feel increasingly guilty.
B)  disparage the victim to justify one's cruel behavior.
C)  act kindly toward others.
D)  become highly aggressive toward others.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following would better predict a person's racial biases?

Accepted Answer

A)  his/her implicit attitude
B)  his/her explicit attitude
C)  the explicit association test
D)  the Rorschach inkblot testE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when:

Accepted Answer

A)  people are rewarded for their behavior.
B)  people feel that they have no choice in their behavior.
C)  people feel that they have some choice in their behavior.
D)  people's actions have no foreseeable consequences.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Myra's neighbor,an 8-year-old,plays his saxophone loudly.This annoys her.In the context of the overjustification effect,if Myra wants him to quit playing,she should:

Accepted Answer

A)  show her annoyance.
B)  pay him to quit playing.
C)  pay him a small amount to quit playing and then offer him more and more.
D)  pay him to play and gradually offer him less.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Owen gets a lucrative job offer from a multinational company soon after he receives his undergraduate degree.At the same time,he gets a research scholarship from a renowned foreign university.He is in a dilemma and is unable to choose the right course of action.Which of the following theories best explains this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory
B)  cognitive dissonance theory
C)  self-perception theory
D)  regulatory focus theoryE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) B

Question 14

In the context of social movements,identify a brainwashing technique used for American prisoners of war (POWs) during the 1950s Korean War.

Accepted Answer

A)  banning the utterance of public confessions
B)  escalating demands abruptly
C)  punishing active participants
D)  using the "start small and build" tacticE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

In a psychological experiment,the participants were shown a collection of pictures depicting both pleasant and unpleasant aspects of their lives.They were instructed to smile whenever they saw an unpleasant picture.At the end of the experiment,the participants reported that they felt happy despite seeing the unpleasant pictures.Which of the following is exemplified in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the continued influence effect
B)  the insufficient justification effect
C)  the overjustification effect
D)  the facial feedback effectE) A) and D)
F) B) and C) D

Question 16

After much deliberation,you select a college to enroll yourself.After you have made your decision,you can reduce dissonance by _____ the chosen university and _____ the unchosen universities.

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizing;revamping
B)  revamping;emphasizing
C)  downgrading;upgrading
D)  upgrading;downgradingE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Cognitive dissonance theory focuses on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes preceding behaviors
B)  the relative effectiveness of punishments given during an act
C)  the relative effectiveness of rewards administered after an act
D)  what induces a desired actionE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Moral action affects moral thinking,especially when:

Accepted Answer

A)  one is threatened.
B)  one is offered limited options.
C)  chosen.
D)  coerced.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The _____ occurs when someone offers an unnecessary reward beforehand in an obvious effort to control behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  foot-in-the-door effect
B)  self-justification effect
C)  overjustification effect
D)  insufficient justification effectE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true according to the research findings on expressions and attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our expressions influence our feelings.
B)  Our gait can affect how we feel.
C)  We find cartoons funnier when we use our smiling muscles.
D)  We cannot sense how someone else is feeling by mirroring his or her facial expressions.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) D

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

You are an obese teenager who enjoys jogging.Your parents are concerned about your health and give you money whenever you jog.According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Correct Answer
verified

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of White Americans favoring integrated schools jumped and now includes nearly everyone.This is an example of how:

Correct Answer
verified

Higgins and Rholes (1978) found that when people say something positive to others when told to,it supported the fact that:

Correct Answer
verified

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall many happy memories and found their happy mood lingering.This is best explained by:

Correct Answer
verified

Self-perception theory assumes that _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Explicit self-reports are the better predictor than implicit self-reports for:

Correct Answer
verified

The tension that arises when a person's two thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Juan needed to decide if he should live with his parents or in a dorm this year.He liked the freedom offered by dorms but knew it was cheaper to live with his parents.According to cognitive dissonance theory,in order to reduce dissonance after deciding to stay at home,Juan will likely:

Correct Answer
verified

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would better predict a person's racial biases?

Correct Answer
verified

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when:

Correct Answer
verified

Myra's neighbor,an 8-year-old,plays his saxophone loudly.This annoys her.In the context of the overjustification effect,if Myra wants him to quit playing,she should:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

In the context of social movements,identify a brainwashing technique used for American prisoners of war (POWs) during the 1950s Korean War.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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D

After much deliberation,you select a college to enroll yourself.After you have made your decision,you can reduce dissonance by _ the chosen university and _ the unchosen universities.

Correct Answer
verified

Cognitive dissonance theory focuses on _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Moral action affects moral thinking,especially when:

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ occurs when someone offers an unnecessary reward beforehand in an obvious effort to control behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT true according to the research findings on expressions and attitudes?

Correct Answer
verified
D

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

You are an obese teenager who enjoys jogging.Your parents are concerned about your health and give you money whenever you jog.According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of White Americans favoring integrated schools jumped and now includes nearly everyone.This is an example of how:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Higgins and Rholes (1978) found that when people say something positive to others when told to,it supported the fact that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall many happy memories and found their happy mood lingering.This is best explained by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-perception theory assumes that _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explicit self-reports are the better predictor than implicit self-reports for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tension that arises when a person's two thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan needed to decide if he should live with his parents or in a dorm this year.He liked the freedom offered by dorms but knew it was cheaper to live with his parents.According to cognitive dissonance theory,in order to reduce dissonance after deciding to stay at home,Juan will likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would better predict a person's racial biases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myra's neighbor,an 8-year-old,plays his saxophone loudly.This annoys her.In the context of the overjustification effect,if Myra wants him to quit playing,she should:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the context of social movements,identify a brainwashing technique used for American prisoners of war (POWs) during the 1950s Korean War.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

After much deliberation,you select a college to enroll yourself.After you have made your decision,you can reduce dissonance by _____ the chosen university and _____ the unchosen universities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory focuses on _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Moral action affects moral thinking,especially when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ occurs when someone offers an unnecessary reward beforehand in an obvious effort to control behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true according to the research findings on expressions and attitudes?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct Answer
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B

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D

After much deliberation,you select a college to enroll yourself.After you have made your decision,you can reduce dissonance by _ the chosen university and _ the unchosen universities.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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D