Question 1

Women often receive synthetic oxytocin to induce childbirth or augment contractions.What is an important consideration about the use of synthetic oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impossible to mimic its chemical structure,so it may act on other receptors and cause side effects.
B)  The synthetic form does not travel down motor neurons,so it is less effective than the natural form.
C)  It can be difficult to get the levels just right,so uterine contractions can be too strong.
D)  If you fail to simultaneously provide synthetic G protein,the hormone is ineffective.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes uterine contractions in childbirth and stimulates milk secretion from nipples.Do men have oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The thyroid requires negative feedback to prevent overgrowth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The endocrine system employs chemical signals only,while the autonomic nervous system involves a combination of electrical and chemical signals.
B)  The autonomic nervous system promotes "fight or flight" functions,while the endocrine system promotes "rest and digest" functions.
C)  Norepinephrine is produced by the autonomic nervous system,while epinephrine is produced by the endocrine system.
D)  The axons of neurons of the endocrine system travel a shorter distance than those of the autonomic nervous system.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated levels of blood glucose
B)  lowered production of insulin by the pancreas
C)  reduced body cell sensitivity to insulin
D)  defects in pituitary gland function
E)  careful diet and exercise measures are required to balance blood sugar levelsF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

There is a molecule in black licorice that inhibits an enzyme which normally limits activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.Thus,overconsumption of licorice can mimic the effect of excess aldosterone.What would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  infertility in men
B)  hypertension (high blood pressure) due to insufficient potassium in the blood
C)  excessive body hair
D)  low blood pressure due to excessive potassium in the bloodE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Lampreys completely lack parathyroid glands.Suggest why these glands may be important for other vertebrates,but not for jawless fish.

Accepted Answer

A)  Because they are parasitic,lampreys get plenty of calcium from their hosts.
B)  Living in the ocean,they are surrounded by large amounts of sodium,chloride,and magnesium ions.
C)  Jawless fish employ a different system than other vertebrates to regulate blood sugar.
D)  Since they have a cartilaginous skeleton but not true bone,they have less need to regulate calcium levels.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

You are researching an "orphan disease" with no available treatment.Your lab develops a drug that mimics a lipophilic hormone thought to be lacking in the disease,and you are looking for a pharmaceutical company to partner with to run a clinical trial.Based on the reaction from each team,which would you choose to work with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Company A: "What you've developed is wonderful,but we'll need to develop a delivery system to get the drug across the cell membrane."
B)  Company B: "Your new drug seems very promising.Do you know which G-protein coupled receptor it binds to?"
C)  Company C: "We're interested in developing this drug - it could really help people.Do you know which genes the hormone regulates?"D) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 9

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Why does it make sense that the heart is the source of ANH?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart is a major endocrine organ that releases several hormones.
B)  ANH helps regulate blood pressure,which is sensed by distension of the heart atria.
C)  The heart is conveniently close to the hypothalamus.
D)  Secretion of hormones by the heart makes it easy for them to enter the bloodstream.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The right atrium secretes atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) ,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water into the urine.ANH acts antagonistically to what other hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol
B)  aldosterone
C)  glucagon
D)  thyroxine
E)  progesteroneF) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 11

When a diabetic injects insulin,what does this accomplish?

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes glucose release from cells,raising blood glucose
B)  promotes uptake of glucose into cells,lowering blood glucose
C)  promotes hydrolysis of glycogen,raising blood glucose
D)  improves the ability of the body to sense blood glucose levelsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Hormones must be present at high concentrations to elicit an effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following hormones exerts its action by interacting with a receptor at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin
B)  cortisol
C)  testosterone
D)  estrogen
E)  progesteroneF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates ADH secretion.
B)  It inhibits ADH secretion.
C)  It stimulates vasopressin.
D)  It stimulates oxytocin.
E)  It inhibits aldosterone.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Why don't hormones build up in the body over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are secreted from the body by exocrine glands.
B)  They are filtered out of the blood by lymph tissues.
C)  They do,but target tissues become desensitized over time.
D)  They are degraded by enzymes in the target tissue.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Ecdysone and juvenile hormone regulate molting and ________ in insects.

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphosis
B)  sexual behavior
C)  body shape
D)  egg productionE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What is an example of a molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen
B)  progesterone
C)  thyroxine
D)  norepinephrine
E)  insulinF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that differ by only a few atoms.The different receptor binding properties those differences confer allow the hormones to do what during development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause differential maturation of the prefrontal cortex during late adolescence.
B)  Cause a slight increase in muscle mass in females versus males.
C)  Make females naturally attracted to pink and males to blue.
D)  Control development of all sex-specific physical traits including sex organs,body hair,and breasts.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together,you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You're right,it doesn't seem to be working.Let's increase the dose,since we need to achieve high steroid levels in the blood."
B)  "Why don't you go on your rounds and come back? Steroid hormones need several hours to work,since they regulate gene expression.Transcription and translation take time."
C)  "We forgot to administer the carrier protein to get the drug across the cell membrane.We can add that now."
D)  "Let's grab a cup of coffee and then check again.Activating the G-protein coupled receptor and its downstream kinase cascade can take several minutes."E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine
B)  cortisol
C)  prolactin
D)  aldosterone
E)  norepinephrineF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

When a diabetic injects insulin,what does this accomplish?

Correct Answer
verified

Women often receive synthetic oxytocin to induce childbirth or augment contractions.What is an important consideration about the use of synthetic oxytocin?

Correct Answer
verified

The thyroid requires negative feedback to prevent overgrowth.

Correct Answer
verified

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes uterine contractions in childbirth and stimulates milk secretion from nipples.Do men have oxytocin?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following hormones exerts its action by interacting with a receptor at the cell surface?

Correct Answer
verified

What is an example of a molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

There is a molecule in black licorice that inhibits an enzyme which normally limits activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.Thus,overconsumption of licorice can mimic the effect of excess aldosterone.What would be the result?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Correct Answer
verified

Ecdysone and juvenile hormone regulate molting and ________ in insects.

Correct Answer
verified

Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?

Correct Answer
verified

The right atrium secretes atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) ,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water into the urine.ANH acts antagonistically to what other hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

Hormones must be present at high concentrations to elicit an effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Why don't hormones build up in the body over time?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

Lampreys completely lack parathyroid glands.Suggest why these glands may be important for other vertebrates,but not for jawless fish.

Correct Answer
verified

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Why does it make sense that the heart is the source of ANH?

Correct Answer
verified

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that differ by only a few atoms.The different receptor binding properties those differences confer allow the hormones to do what during development?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together,you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

When a diabetic injects insulin,what does this accomplish?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women often receive synthetic oxytocin to induce childbirth or augment contractions.What is an important consideration about the use of synthetic oxytocin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thyroid requires negative feedback to prevent overgrowth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes uterine contractions in childbirth and stimulates milk secretion from nipples.Do men have oxytocin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones exerts its action by interacting with a receptor at the cell surface?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an example of a molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is a molecule in black licorice that inhibits an enzyme which normally limits activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.Thus,overconsumption of licorice can mimic the effect of excess aldosterone.What would be the result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ecdysone and juvenile hormone regulate molting and ________ in insects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The right atrium secretes atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) ,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water into the urine.ANH acts antagonistically to what other hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones must be present at high concentrations to elicit an effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why don't hormones build up in the body over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lampreys completely lack parathyroid glands.Suggest why these glands may be important for other vertebrates,but not for jawless fish.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Why does it make sense that the heart is the source of ANH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that differ by only a few atoms.The different receptor binding properties those differences confer allow the hormones to do what during development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together,you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

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