Question 1

The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  in therapeutic cloning,embryonic stem cells are extracted from the blastocyst,while in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother.
B)  somatic cell nuclear transfer is used for therapeutic cloning,while gametic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning.
C)  unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not display genetic imprinting problems.
D)  unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not require the destruction of embryos.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D) A

Question 2

Very early in development,each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  determination.
B)  specification.
C)  bipotential induction.
D)  totipotency.
E)  multipotency.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B) D

Question 3

In insects,the passage from one body form to another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  pupation.
B)  ecdysis.
C)  metamorphosis.
D)  transference.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

Accepted Answer

A)  picked a cell very early in development.
B)  replicated the blastomeres before insertion.
C)  delayed transcription in the blastomeres.
D)  treated the nucleus with sheep plasma before nuclear insertion.
E)  utilized a new micro pipette technique.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

The Drosophila homeotic genes typically contain the homeobox.The homeobox is a sequence of 180 nucleotides.The number of amino acids coded for by this sequence is

Accepted Answer

A)  30.
B)  60.
C)  90.
D)  120
E)  180.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 6

A mutation in a Hox gene typically results in

Accepted Answer

A)  development of normal body parts in abnormal places.
B)  faulty development of the cellular blastoderm.
C)  cleavage disruption.
D)  legs growing out of the head of a fly.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In C.elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Accepted Answer

A)  131 cells always die.
B)  all 1090 cells die.
C)  all 1090 cells live.
D)  only 959 cells live.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C) C

Question 8

A zygote initially divides into smaller cells,each called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  blastomere.
B)  gastrula.
C)  neurula.
D)  cleavage cell.
E)  embryonic cell.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination,into what will they likely develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wing cells
B)  Leg cells
C)  A mixture of wing and leg cells
D)  Cannot be determined
E)  Undifferentiated cellsF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Egg cells were combined with this cell type to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin cells
B)  Sperm cells
C)  Mucous membrane cells
D)  Mammary cells
E)  Ovarian cellsF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  M
B)  S
C)  G1 and G2
D)  interphaseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

What are the characteristics of stem cells? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Totipotent stem cells are part of a committed pathway within one cell lineage that will give rise to one specific cell type.
B)  Pluripotent stem cells are descendants of the totipotent stem cells of the embryo.
C)  A fertilized egg is a type of totipotent stem cell.
D)  Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type,except for totipotent stem cells and the cells of the placenta.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadherins
B)  Glycospheres
C)  Receptors
D)  PhospholipidsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

A fly embryo that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

Accepted Answer

A)  is genetically wild-type,but has a bicoid mutant mother.
B)  is mutant for bicoid and has a bicoid mutant mother.
C)  may be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoid,but definitely has a bicoid mutant mother.
D)  can be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoid.The genotype of the mother cannot be determined from the information provided.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

In Drosophila,the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic

Accepted Answer

A)  stem cells.
B)  signals.
C)  determinants.
D)  junctions.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Plants have special groups of self-renewing cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  root cells.
B)  chloroplasts.
C)  cast cells.
D)  meristems.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

If one were to inject cytoplasm containing Bicoid into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Accepted Answer

A)  try to form anterior structures in the middle of its body.
B)  try to form posterior structures in the middle of its body.
C)  not develop at all.
D)  develop normally.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Novel phenotypic adaptations can arise as a result of changes only in how organisms develop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

Accepted Answer

A)  control the same traits.
B)  be on the same chromosomes.
C)  have arisen very early in the evolutionary history of animals.
D)  have developed independently and simultaneously.
E)  have been transmitted into mammals by an insect bite.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Heterochrony is a change in development based on

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the location of where genes are being expressed.
B)  changes in how much protein is produced.
C)  changes in the structure of the protein being produced.
D)  changes in the timing of gene expression.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Very early in development,each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedD

In insects,the passage from one body form to another is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Drosophila homeotic genes typically contain the homeobox.The homeobox is a sequence of 180 nucleotides.The number of amino acids coded for by this sequence is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation in a Hox gene typically results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In C.elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A zygote initially divides into smaller cells,each called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination,into what will they likely develop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Egg cells were combined with this cell type to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the characteristics of stem cells? (Select all that apply)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fly embryo that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Drosophila,the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants have special groups of self-renewing cells called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If one were to inject cytoplasm containing Bicoid into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Novel phenotypic adaptations can arise as a result of changes only in how organisms develop.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heterochrony is a change in development based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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