Question 1

Meat eating may require food sharing because

Accepted Answer

A)   sharing reduces the high degree of variation associated with hunting by averaging returns over time.
B)   meat is unhealthy, so sharing spreads out the negative effects of consuming it.
C)   hunting is a way of showing off.
D)   food sharing reduces levels of cooperation, and hunting is a task best done alone.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Provide three lines of evidence that help evaluate whether H. erectus ate meat. Include evidence from archaeology (artifacts) and physical anthropology (the hominin fossils), in addition to comparative and geographical information. Do any of these lines of evidence suggest that they hunted their game?

Accepted Answer

Students may draw on any of the followin...

Question 3

Explain how food sharing reduces the variation associated with hunting in contemporary foragers.

Accepted Answer

Basically, hunting is a high-risk activi...

Question 4

Taphonomists have suggested that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were not the result of the mass death of a large number of animals because

Accepted Answer

A)   mass deaths usually involve members of a single species, but the Olduvai sites contain members of different species.
B)   there is usually evidence of dehydration when mass deaths occur, but there is no such evidence at Olduvai sites.
C)   mass deaths are very rare among modern animals on the savanna.
D)   there is little mixing of bones of different species.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Because humans rely on learned skills for many of the foods they eat, natural selection has favored

Accepted Answer

A)   fast development.
B)   an extended juvenile period.
C)   a wide range of built-in skills available from birth.
D)   hunting.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is an argument that early hominins may have obtained some meat by scavenging?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most carnivores went through an evolutionary phase in which they mainly scavenged.
B)   Cut marks can be found on vertebrae of prey, and sometimes overlap carnivore tooth marks.
C)   Scavenging from large carnivores such as lions by a relatively small and slow-moving primate is easy.
D)   Scavenging can only be done with advanced cognitive processing, as we see in vultures.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

Taphonomists have determined that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were likely not deposited by moving water because the

Accepted Answer

A)   bones do not contain characteristic water markings.
B)   sediments surrounding the bones do not contain water markings.
C)   sediments surrounding the bones are inverted, so that the top layers are oldest.
D)   sediments surrounding the bones and tools are not graded by size and weight.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The earliest Oldowan chipped stone tools in East Africa date to approximately ________ Ma.

Accepted Answer

A)   3.4
B)   2.6
C)   4.2
D)   1.3E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about food acquisition is likely true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Contemporary human foragers do not share meat.
B)   Chimpanzees spend most of their time feeding on extracted and hunted foods.
C)   Evidence suggests that the Oldowan hominins were both hunters and scavengers.
D)   Juveniles in contemporary human foraging groups are responsible for finding their own food each day.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Human foragers primarily include ________ foods in their diet.

Accepted Answer

A)   raw and unprocessed
B)   hunted
C)   scavenged
D)   extracted and huntedE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Because of the finds in Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, paleoanthropologists know that hominins left Africa by

Accepted Answer

A)   2.8 Ma.
B)   1.8 Ma.
C)   1.8 ka.
D)   2,800 years ago.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Dependence on meat may facilitate

Accepted Answer

A)   food sharing.
B)   a shorter juvenile period.
C)   increased competition between males.
D)   increased sexual dimorphism.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Contemporary foragers rely more heavily on ________ than any other primate.

Accepted Answer

A)   fruit
B)   agricultural products
C)   meat
D)   domestic animalsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

What role did hunting and scavenging play for early hominins?

Accepted Answer

Early hominins were likely both hunters ...

Question 15

Since hunting takes a long time to learn and can be unreliable, it favored the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual division of labor.
B)   juvenile development.
C)   food sharing.
D)   a stronger built-in hunting instinct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

The Dmanisi hominins had the same ________ as modern humans.

Accepted Answer

A)   brain size
B)   body size
C)   limb proportions
D)   growth patternsE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following statements is likely true regarding the Olduvai sites?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is definitive evidence of "home bases" at Olduvai Gorge.
B)   Paleoanthropologists are not able to distinguish between animal tooth marks and stone-tool marks on animal bones from Olduvai Gorge.
C)   Taphonomic evidence suggests that the Oldowan hominids were sometimes hunters and sometimes scavengers.
D)   There are no sites at Olduvai that are simply carnivore kill or cache sites.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes the first use of tools?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was by australopithecine ancestors of humans.
B)   It probably precedes the divergence of humans and apes.
C)   It occurred after the evolution of bipedalism.
D)   It involved distinctly human abilities.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Average Homo erectus brain size was

Accepted Answer

A)   500 cc.
B)   1,000 cc.
C)   1,500 cc.
D)   2,000 cc.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Homo erectus males were

Accepted Answer

A)   twice as large as females.
B)   20% to 30% larger than females.
C)   about the same size as females.
D)   smaller than females.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 11: Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

Which of the following statements is likely true regarding the Olduvai sites?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an argument that early hominins may have obtained some meat by scavenging?

Correct Answer
verified

Homo erectus males were

Correct Answer
verified

Taphonomists have suggested that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were not the result of the mass death of a large number of animals because

Correct Answer
verified

The earliest Oldowan chipped stone tools in East Africa date to approximately ________ Ma.

Correct Answer
verified

What role did hunting and scavenging play for early hominins?

Correct Answer
verified
Early hominins were likely both hunters ...
View Answer

Taphonomists have determined that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were likely not deposited by moving water because the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements correctly describes the first use of tools?

Correct Answer
verified

The Dmanisi hominins had the same ________ as modern humans.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about food acquisition is likely true?

Correct Answer
verified

Human foragers primarily include ________ foods in their diet.

Correct Answer
verified

Meat eating may require food sharing because

Correct Answer
verified

Because of the finds in Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, paleoanthropologists know that hominins left Africa by

Correct Answer
verified

Because humans rely on learned skills for many of the foods they eat, natural selection has favored

Correct Answer
verified

Dependence on meat may facilitate

Correct Answer
verified

Since hunting takes a long time to learn and can be unreliable, it favored the evolution of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students may draw on any of the followin...
View Answer

Contemporary foragers rely more heavily on ________ than any other primate.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how food sharing reduces the variation associated with hunting in contemporary foragers.

Correct Answer
verified
Basically, hunting is a high-risk activi...
View Answer

Average Homo erectus brain size was

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

Which of the following statements is likely true regarding the Olduvai sites?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an argument that early hominins may have obtained some meat by scavenging?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Homo erectus males were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taphonomists have suggested that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were not the result of the mass death of a large number of animals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest Oldowan chipped stone tools in East Africa date to approximately ________ Ma.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What role did hunting and scavenging play for early hominins?

Correct AnswerverifiedEarly hominins were likely both hunters ...View AnswerShow Answer

Taphonomists have determined that the Olduvai bone and stone-tool sites were likely not deposited by moving water because the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes the first use of tools?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Dmanisi hominins had the same ________ as modern humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about food acquisition is likely true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human foragers primarily include ________ foods in their diet.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meat eating may require food sharing because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because of the finds in Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, paleoanthropologists know that hominins left Africa by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because humans rely on learned skills for many of the foods they eat, natural selection has favored

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dependence on meat may facilitate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since hunting takes a long time to learn and can be unreliable, it favored the evolution of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents may draw on any of the followin...View AnswerShow Answer

Contemporary foragers rely more heavily on ________ than any other primate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how food sharing reduces the variation associated with hunting in contemporary foragers.

Correct AnswerverifiedBasically, hunting is a high-risk activi...View AnswerShow Answer

Average Homo erectus brain size was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Early hominins were likely both hunters ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students may draw on any of the followin...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Basically, hunting is a high-risk activi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified