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In the VALS framework, two segments are not confined to a single primary motivation and stand apart based on their abundance or lack of


A) ideals.
B) rewards.
C) self-expression.
D) achievement.
E) resources.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Explain the differences between routine problem solving, limited problem solving, and extended problem solving. Give an example of when each might be used.

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There are three general variations in th...

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Comparative advertising, in which one brand is compared to another, is intended to cause consumers to perceive differences between the products featured in the advertising. Marketers who employ comparative advertising are trying to use ________ to make consumers believe that their products are better than competitors' offerings.


A) cognitive dissonance
B) selective retention
C) selective comprehension
D) stimulus generalization
E) stimulus discrimination

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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  Figure 5-2 -Figure 5-2 above shows the recent ratings from an independent rating agency for selected smartphone brands and models. Each column shows a brand like Apple, HTC, LG, Motorola, and Samsung. These brands are referred to as the ________ when consumers use these smartphone ratings to evaluate the products. A)  consideration set B)  evaluative criteria C)  points of difference D)  value brands E)  core benefits Figure 5-2 -Figure 5-2 above shows the recent ratings from an independent rating agency for selected smartphone brands and models. Each column shows a brand like Apple, HTC, LG, Motorola, and Samsung. These brands are referred to as the ________ when consumers use these smartphone ratings to evaluate the products.


A) consideration set
B) evaluative criteria
C) points of difference
D) value brands
E) core benefits

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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People to whom an individual looks as a basis for self-appraisal or as a source of personal standards are referred to as


A) action-oriented consumers.
B) spokespersons.
C) opinion leaders.
D) social classes.
E) reference groups.

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Consumers spend little time and effort evaluating alternatives in the purchase of flour and soap. The consumer purchase decision process for such staples involves ________, which is virtually a habit and typifies low-involvement decision making.


A) limited problem solving
B) extended problem solving
C) situational problem solving
D) rational problem solving
E) routine problem solving

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements about family decision making is most accurate?


A) Joint decision making typically increases with the education of the spouses.
B) Husbands make most of the purchase decisions about cars, vacations, and homes.
C) The two types of family decision making are joint and autonomous.
D) With autonomous decision making, the husband would make all the decisions about groceries, medicine, and car maintenance.
E) Women have little influence when it comes to men's clothing purchases except for socks and ties.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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The book The Secret Sales Pitch: An Overview of Subliminal Advertising is about subliminal messages, which reflect what kind of potential influence on the consumer decision-making process?


A) sociocultural
B) situational
C) psychological
D) acculturational
E) attitudinal

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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"Which brand of salad dressing does my mom buy?" would be a question asked during the ________ stage in the consumer purchase decision process.


A) problem recognition
B) alternative evaluation
C) information search
D) purchase decision
E) comparison

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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A consumer's purchases are often influenced by the views, opinions, or behaviors of others. Which of the following is an aspect of this personal influence?


A) parental guidance
B) peer pressure
C) word-of-mouth
D) government regulation
E) psychographics

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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In the VALS framework, each consumer segment exhibits unique media preferences. Which segment would be the most likely to visit Facebook?


A) Experiencers
B) Believers
C) Thinkers
D) Survivors
E) Makers

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Consumers accompanied by children


A) purchase twice as much as they normally would if shopping with other adults.
B) purchase about 40 percent more than when shopping alone.
C) purchase less than half of what they would have if shopping with their spouses.
D) are usually unable to complete nonessential shopping tasks.
E) avoid purchases of household and entertainment offerings.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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If you hold a personal value of thriftiness, then you probably will have a favorable ________ toward automobiles with good fuel economy.


A) belief
B) value
C) attitude
D) motivation
E) perception

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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You have determined you want to buy an advanced hybrid vehicle, and a visit to Ford's website reveals that the Ford Fusion Hybrid SE uses hybrid fuel technology with the latest in lithium-ion battery technology. You are currently in which stage of the consumer purchase decision process for this type of automobile?


A) problem recognition
B) needs analysis
C) purchase decision
D) information search
E) postpurchase evaluation

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Which list below presents the Maslow hierarchy of needs in its correct order, beginning with the lowest level need and moving up to the highest level need?


A) personal, social, physiological, psychological, and safety
B) physiological, safety, social, personal, and self-actualization
C) safety, physiological, safety, self-actualization, and personal
D) self-actualization, social, safety, physiological, and personal
E) safety, personal, self-actualization, physiological, and social

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Carlos plans to go for a run after his classes are over. As he is getting dressed, he notices that one of the seams is unravelling in his favorite shorts, and he thinks it is about time for ones. In which stage of the consumer purchase decision process is Carlos at that moment?


A) information search
B) problem recognition
C) purchase behavior
D) alternative evaluation
E) prepurchase cognition

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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What percentage of all consumer conversations about brands happen face-to-face?


A) 25 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent
E) 90 percent

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Once a consumer has completed the alternative evaluation stage of the consumer purchase decision process, the two remaining choices are


A) which product to buy and how to pay for it.
B) whether to buy one or several if a BOGO deal is offered and how to pay for them.
C) from whom to buy and when to buy.
D) which product to buy and whether to tell others about the purchase.
E) whether to buy in person or online and whether to tell others about the purchase.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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You are sleepy before your 8 a.m. class and you notice the Starbucks on the walk to school. You stop for a drink and purchase something new that you really enjoy. The next day you do the same, and soon this has become a habit. This process is an example of


A) cognitive learning.
B) the scientific method.
C) behavioral learning.
D) attitude formation.
E) cognitive dissonance.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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________ search for information is likely when past experience or knowledge is insufficient, the risk of making a wrong purchase decision is high, and the cost of gathering information is low.


A) An external
B) A cognitive
C) An alternative
D) An internal
E) A postpurchase

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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