Question 1

The normal human microbiota is considered part of the ﬁrst line of defense because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   resident bacterial cells stimulate phagocytosis of pathogens
B)   microbiota cause an inﬂammatory response, eliminating pathogens
C)   pathogens and normal biota cannot exist in the same location
D)   microbial antagonism keeps potential pathogens in checkE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

During inﬂammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tonsils
B)   Thymus
C)   Spleen
D)   Lymph nodes
E)   GALTF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   They include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei.
B)   After birth, they are produced in red bone marrow sites.
C)   They develop from undifferentiated stem cells.
D)   They include glial cells.
E)   They include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is composed of at least 20 blood proteins.
B)   It involves a classical pathway.
C)   It acts in a cascade reaction.
D)   It involves an alternate pathway.
E)   It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Monocytes are the mature form of macrophages; they are found in tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urinary tract
B)   Eyes
C)   Digestive tract
D)   Skin
E)   Respiratory tractF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 8

In?ammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One of the major differences between the ﬁrst and second line of defense is that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the ﬁrst line defenses are mechanisms whereas the second line defenses are physical barriers to infection
B)   the ﬁrst line defenses involve the respiratory tract whereas the second line defenses involve the gastrointestinal tract
C)   the ﬁrst line defenses are anatomical barriers whereas the second line defenses are mechanisms
D)   the ﬁrst line defenses involve complement proteins whereas the second line defenses involve antibodiesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspeciﬁc defense because it ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   destroys pathogens
B)   physically restricts pathogens to a speciﬁc region
C)   is toxic to pathogens
D)   creates a physical barrier against pathogensE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 11

The granules of basophils contain ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   histamine
B)   antigens
C)   digestive enzymes
D)   lysozyme
E)   antibodiesF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

All of the following are events of early inﬂammation except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   macrophages appear ﬁrst and begin phagocytosis
B)   chemical mediators and cytokines are released
C)   brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation
D)   exudate and pus can accumulate
E)   capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edemaF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Components of the ﬁrst line of defense include all of the following, except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the ﬂushing action of urine
B)   phagocytic white blood cells
C)   the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
D)   the ﬂushing action of tears and blinking
E)   nasal hairsF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   chills
B)   heat
C)   pain
D)   sweatingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

After loading wood into a ?replace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your ?nger. Within a short period of time, your ?nger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonspeci?c resistance
B)   speci?c resistance
C)   acquired immunity
D)   adaptive immunityE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria.
B)   The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell.
C)   Antibodies produced by the cells can more effectively kill the bacteria.
D)   The bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the macrophage housing the bacterium.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Each of the following is a term reﬂecting a process involved in the migration of white blood cells except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   diapedesis
B)   vasodilation
C)   phagocytosis
D)   motility
E)   chemotaxisF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 18

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein C3, the likely consequence is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an inability to synthesize antibodies
B)   enhanced inﬂammation
C)   a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections
D)   excessive fever developmentE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Lysozyme is found in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   tears
B)   salivary secretions
C)   sweat from sweat glands
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

In?ammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Components of the ﬁrst line of defense include all of the following, except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The granules of basophils contain ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal human microbiota is considered part of the ﬁrst line of defense because ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monocytes are the mature form of macrophages; they are found in tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are events of early inﬂammation except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspeciﬁc defense because it ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein C3, the likely consequence is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the major differences between the ﬁrst and second line of defense is that ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After loading wood into a ?replace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your ?nger. Within a short period of time, your ?nger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch. This is an example of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes. Which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During inﬂammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lysozyme is found in ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following is a term reﬂecting a process involved in the migration of white blood cells except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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