Question 1

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Accepted Answer

A)  habituated because the state system was already responding to auditory stimuli.
B)  habituated because only the S-R system was activated.
C)  sensitized because the state system was responding to the background tone.
D)  sensitized because both the state and S-R systems were activated.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the two processes of the dual-process...

Question 3

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  after time passes.
B)  after a strong extraneous stimulus is presented.
C)  after a weak extraneous stimulus is presented.
D)  All of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  first causes sensitization, then habituation
B)  first causes habituation, then sensitization
C)  sufficient for eliciting a modal action pattern
D)  similar to an instinctE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  eliciting outcome; corresponding reward
B)  eliciting stimulus; corresponding response
C)  eliciting response; corresponding outcome
D)  eliciting response; corresponding rewardE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation.
B)  fatigue.
C)  sensory adaptation.
D)  All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

According to Groves and Thompson (1970) , which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation and sensitization processes occur in different parts of the nervous system.
B)  Habituation is similar to fatigue; sensitization is similar to adaptation.
C)  Habituation is similar to adaptation; sensitization is similar to fatigue.
D)  Both habituation and sensitization occur at the level of the sensory receptors.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  the habitation response
B)  feedback stimuli
C)  reflexive behavior
D)  the sensitization processE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism.
B)  Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions.
C)  Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior.
D)  The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

How can a response that has decreased through habituation to the eliciting stimulus be reinstated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can a response that has decreased...

Question 11

Which of the following is most likely to be characterized as an appetitive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sparrow manipulating a seed in its beak
B)  a woman drinking a glass of milk
C)  a woodchuck chewing on a blade of grass
D)  a chef preparing a cream pieE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Habituation in the Aplysia occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the facilitory interneuron.
B)  changes in the sensitivity of the motor neuron.
C)  changes in the amount of neurotransmitter released by the sensory neuron.
D)  changes in the action potential of the sensory neuron.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

Accepted Answer

A)  General searches are localized, while focal searches focus on a larger area.
B)  General searches occur when an animal does not yet know specifically where to look for food, while focal searches are spatially localized.
C)  General searches are appetitive while focal searches are consummatory.
D)  There are no differences; both terms are alternative ways of describing appetitive behavior.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory occlusion reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes humans to hold their breath underwater.
B)  It is a multistage response to a reduction of airflow.
C)  It allows nursing to proceed when the nose is covered.
D)  It causes an infant to orient towards the nipple.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid opponent after-effects.
B)  increase opponent after-effects.
C)  enjoy the primary pleasurable effects.
D)  enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Accepted Answer

A)  become bored and enjoy time apart.
B)  become increasingly affectionate.
C)  become resentful if the other partner leaves, even for a short time.
D)  will show few overt signs of affection.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience, demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an...

Question 18

Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  the startle response of rats
B)  the beak-pecking behavior of herring gull chicks
C)  the nest building behaviors of male sticklebacks
D)  the courtship interactions of ring doves.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated actions cause muscles to temporarily weaken.
B)  Changes in the nervous system hinder transmission of neural impulses.
C)  Neurophysiological changes alter sense organs.
D)  All of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Of the following, which is not a reflexive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  a baby pulling away when its nose and mouth are covered
B)  maintaining attention when driving
C)  turning to the location of a loud noise
D)  sneezing in response to dustE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

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According to Groves and Thompson (1970) , which of the following is true?

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A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can a response that has decreased through habituation to the eliciting stimulus be reinstated?

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Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

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Of the following, which is not a reflexive behavior?

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The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

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Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

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Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

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Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

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The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

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Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

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Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

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Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience, demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

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According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

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Habituation in the Aplysia occurs due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

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Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory occlusion reflex?

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Which of the following is most likely to be characterized as an appetitive behavior?

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