Question 1

Differentiate between ethology and evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

Ethology and evolutionary psychology are...

Question 2

Cognitive developmental theory focuses specifically on how

Accepted Answer

A)   knowing emerges and is transformed into logical, systematic capacities for reasoning.
B)   the ego interprets experiences into logical, systematic thought processes.
C)   evolution continues throughout the life span of a specific species based on cognition.
D)   various systems within a family impact an individual's capacity for thought.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   All behavior is motivated.
B)   Advances in cognitive capacities occur into old age.
C)   Personality development ends at age 6.
D)   The roots of cognition lie in an infant's biological capacities.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

How do environmental and social contexts affect individual development?

Accepted Answer

Environmental and social contexts play a...

Question 5

Which of the following is considered one of Piaget's contributions to understanding infant cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants are able to create and manipulate symbols.
B)   For infants, most thinking is unconscious.
C)   Infants have the same capacity for abstract reasoning as adolescents.
D)   Infants establish logical connections.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Psychosocial evolution refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the survival of humans who progress through various life stages.
B)   ways in which knowledge can alter or transform behavior and override genetically guided patterns.
C)   the fact that psychosocial development cannot be influenced by individuals' conscious decisions.
D)   strategies to achieve a positive resolution during a psychosocial crisis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Genevieve is studying cognitive development theories. Today, her professor introduced the central concepts of Vygotsky's theory, explaining that these would be the topics covered in the end-of-the-week quiz. Which of the following should Genevieve study before the end of the week?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Id, ego, and superego
B)   Assimilation, accommodation, and schemes
C)   Culture, zone of proximal development, and movement from intermental to the intramental
D)   Microsystem, exosystem, and mesosystemE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following psychosexual terms is most closely related to the processes of cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Unconscious processing
B)   Impulse expression
C)   Ego functions
D)   ProjectionE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Vygotsky argued that complex mental operations exist first in the social world and are then internalized. He described this as movement from the __________ to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ego; superego
B)   intermental; intramental
C)   model; child
D)   microsystem; mesosystemE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In order to adapt to changes in the environment, systems require which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Shared meaning
B)   Role systems
C)   Feedback mechanisms
D)   Schedules of reinforcementE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In Piaget's theory, which of the following are considered the two complementary processes that account for adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sensorimotor intelligence and preoperational thought
B)   Natural selection and fitness
C)   Cultural discontinuity and moral reasoning
D)   Assimilation and accommodationE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

According to a systems theory, through which of the following processes can a system preserve its structure and still respond to change?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adaptive self-regulation
B)   Social identity
C)   Ego functioning
D)   Social learningE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Young children are scolded for being selfish but when they are adults they are expected to be assertive and self- reliant. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural conservatism.
B)   cultural discontinuity.
C)   worldview.
D)   cultural continuity.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Daniela is capable of organizing and making meaning of her experiences. Which of the following allows her to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)   Equilibrium
B)   Repression
C)   Cognition
D)   EthologyE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Yelling at the dog after a hard day at work may be a form of displacement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What role does fitness play in the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

In the context of evolutionary biology, ...

Question 17

According to Freud, many explanations for Blanca's seemingly natural behavior can be found by analyzing her conflicting sexual and aggressive needs, fears, and wishes that are housed in her

Accepted Answer

A)   metaconscious.
B)   conscious.
C)   ego.
D)   unconscious.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of cultural determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)   All cultures have some form of spiritual philosophy for dealing with death.
B)   Cultures, like species, must adapt to changes in the environment.
C)   Family life is a cornerstone of the culture.
D)   Some cultures value aggressiveness while others consider it shameful.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Sudha has been driving to school using the same route for two years. Although she has never had time to stop at the Coffee Corner on her way to school, she knows where it is and how to direct a friend there. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive reinforcement
B)   Cognitive map
C)   Expectations
D)   Imitative learningE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a link between social role theory and psychosocial theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   The use of positive and negative reinforcers
B)   Role relationships and the radius of significant others
C)   Culture and natural selection
D)   Social identity and systemsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development

Vygotsky argued that complex mental operations exist first in the social world and are then internalized. He described this as movement from the __________ to the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Piaget's theory, which of the following are considered the two complementary processes that account for adaptation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What role does fitness play in the theory of evolution?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIn the context of evolutionary biology, ...View AnswerShow Answer

Genevieve is studying cognitive development theories. Today, her professor introduced the central concepts of Vygotsky's theory, explaining that these would be the topics covered in the end-of-the-week quiz. Which of the following should Genevieve study before the end of the week?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered one of Piaget's contributions to understanding infant cognition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychosocial evolution refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differentiate between ethology and evolutionary psychology?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEthology and evolutionary psychology are...View AnswerShow Answer

Sudha has been driving to school using the same route for two years. Although she has never had time to stop at the Coffee Corner on her way to school, she knows where it is and how to direct a friend there. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, many explanations for Blanca's seemingly natural behavior can be found by analyzing her conflicting sexual and aggressive needs, fears, and wishes that are housed in her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of cultural determinism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yelling at the dog after a hard day at work may be a form of displacement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to adapt to changes in the environment, systems require which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do environmental and social contexts affect individual development?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEnvironmental and social contexts play a...View AnswerShow Answer

Daniela is capable of organizing and making meaning of her experiences. Which of the following allows her to do so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered a link between social role theory and psychosocial theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive developmental theory focuses specifically on how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following psychosexual terms is most closely related to the processes of cognition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Young children are scolded for being selfish but when they are adults they are expected to be assertive and self- reliant. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a systems theory, through which of the following processes can a system preserve its structure and still respond to change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vygotsky argued that complex mental operations exist first in the social world and are then internalized. He described this as movement from the to the .

Correct Answer
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In the context of evolutionary biology, ...
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Ethology and evolutionary psychology are...
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Environmental and social contexts play a...
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