Question 1

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Accepted Answer

A)   make direct tests of etiologic hypotheses.
B)   generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology.
C)   evaluate trends in health and disease within a population.
D)   All are correct.
E)   generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology and evaluate trends in health and disease within a population.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Accepted Answer

A)   greater risk taking by women.
B)   greater frequency of smoking among men.
C)   higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women.
D)   greater risk taking by women and higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women.
E)   All are correct.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

List 10 characteristics of PERSON that are used in epidemiologic studies. For each characteristic, explain how it is associated with the distribution of health outcomes in a population by selecting an example of a specific disease. (You may use a different disease for each characteristic of PERSON or you may choose a single disease for all.)

Accepted Answer

1. Age: Age is a key characteristic of a...

Question 6

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)   homicides and suicides.
B)   mortality from unintentional injuries.
C)   the occurrence of chronic disease.
D)   congenital malformations and infectious disease incidence in childhood.
E)   All are correct.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s)  would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Women smoked more than previously.
B)   Women participated more frequently in lung cancer screening.
C)   Women developed more severe forms of lung cancer.
D)   Women smoked more than previously and developed more severe forms of lung cancer.
E)   All are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Concentration of racial or ethnic groups within an area
B)   Genetic and environment interactions
C)   Influence of climate
D)   Presence of environmental carcinogens
E)   All are correct.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Difference
B)   Agreement
C)   Concomitant variation
D)   ResiduesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Accepted Answer

A)   It is of indeterminate significance for rare diseases, because clusters may occur by chance alone.
B)   It suggests common exposure of a group of people to an etiologic agent.
C)   It is called temporal clustering for geographic concentrations of cases.
D)   It has been shown for angiosarcoma and vaginal carcinoma.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

Accepted Answer

A)   associated with high suicide rates among married females.
B)   theorized to be a selective factor in health.
C)   theorized to be a protective factor in health.
D)   theorized to be a protective and selective factor in health.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options:
Common source epidemic

Accepted Answer

A)   Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year
B)   The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously
C)   An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time
D)   An outbreak that lasts longer than the time span of a single incubation period and is caused by a common source of exposure
E)   An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same noxious influence.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

Accepted Answer

A)   Rates for males are higher than rates for females.
B)   Rates for females are higher than rates for males.
C)   Rates for males are equal to rates for females.
D)   Females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males.
E)   Rates for females are higher than rates for males and females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 20

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Common source epidemic

Correct Answer
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Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Correct Answer
verified

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Correct Answer
verified

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Correct Answer
verified

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
1. Age: Age is a key characteristic of a...
View Answer

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

Correct Answer
verified

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Correct Answer
verified

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Correct Answer
verified

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

Correct Answer
verified

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Correct Answer
verified

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Correct Answer
verified

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Correct Answer
verified

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

Correct Answer
verified

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Correct Answer
verified

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Correct Answer
verified

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Common source epidemic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI1. Age: Age is a key characteristic of a...View AnswerShow Answer

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
1. Age: Age is a key characteristic of a...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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