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Kepler based his theories on the precise planetary observations of Tycho Brahe.

A) True
B) False

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A circular orbit would have an eccentricity of


A) 0.
B) between 0 and 0.5.
C) between 0.5 and 1.
D) exactly 1.0.
E) infinity.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Why was stellar parallax not measured until the 19th century?

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Stars are so far away that eve...

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Newton's Laws completely replaced the incorrect work of Kepler.

A) True
B) False

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In order to determine the mass of a planet by applying Newton's laws of motion and gravity, the planet must have


A) rings.
B) moons.
C) a solid surface.
D) a known size and distance from Earth.
E) planets further from the Sun than itself.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Newton's modification of Kepler's Laws allows us to find the ________ of the planets, if we can observe satellites in orbit about them.

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Which of these observations of Galileo refuted Ptolemy's epicycles?


A) The complete cycle of Venus' phases
B) The rotation of sunspots across the Sun's surface
C) The revolution of Jupiter's moons around it
D) The craters on the Moon
E) The visibility of many more stars with the telescope

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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All the jovian planets lie beyond the asteroid belt.

A) True
B) False

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Galileo's discovery of four moons orbiting ________ provided new support for the ideas of Copernicus.

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