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Describe two limitations of path analysis and structural equation modeling.

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Two limitations of path analysis and str...

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Which of the following statements about factor loadings in exploratory factor analysis is/are TRUE?


A) Higher factor load?ings indicate items with stronger associations with the factor.
B) Items with nega?tive factor loadings are usually ones that are worded in the opposite direction of items with positive loadings.
C) It is possible for an item to load on more than one factor.
D) All of the above are true.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about goodness of fit is TRUE?


A) The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is the one best statistic for assessing goodness of fit.
B) There are a number of ways of assessing goodness of fit, each of which has its strengths and limitations.
C) Although goodness of fit is an important theoretical concept, there is no way to assess it in practice.
D) In evaluating the validity of measures, goodness of fit is relevant to questions of structural validity but not to questions of generalizability.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is prospective research? Why would a researcher use this type of statistical analysis?

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Prospective research refers to a type of...

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Describe the process a researcher would use to determine how many factors underlie a set of correlations.

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To determine how many factors underlie a...

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________ is generally considered to be the soundest way to decide how many factors to interpret once an exploratory factor analysis has been conducted.


A) Parallel analysis
B) The number of factors with eigenvalues greater than one
C) Interpretation of the scree plot of eigenvalues
D) Conducting multiple analyses using different methods and averaging the results

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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In confirmatory factor analysis, the concept of goodness of fit represents


A) how well a hypothesized factor structure matches the actual factor structure of the data set.
B) the number of factors with eigenvalues greater than one.
C) how well any one measured variable represents a given latent variable.
D) the reliability of a latent variable.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The combined score for the items loading on a factor is called the research participant's


A) factor loading.
B) factor score.
C) eigenvalue.
D) extracted score.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Confirmatory factor analysis can be used to test


A) hypotheses about the relationships among a set of variables.
B) the structural validity of a measure.
C) the generalizability of a measure.
D) any of the above.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Structural equation modeling is a


A) way of testing mediational hypotheses using observed variables.
B) way of testing mediational hypotheses using latent variables.
C) form of exploratory factor analysis using latent variables.
D) technique for determining the causal relationships among a set of latent variables.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Describe how a researcher would use the matrix of factor loadings produced by an exploratory factor analysis.

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A researcher would use the matrix of fac...

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What is goodness of fit and how is it assessed in a confirmatory factor analysis?

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Goodness of fit in the context of confir...

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What is factor rotation? Name and define the two general categories of factor rotation. Under what conditions will those two types of rotation produce similar results?

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Factor rotation is a statistical techniq...

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Confirmatory factor analysis is most likely be used to


A) summarize the pattern of correlations among a set of variables.
B) test hypotheses about the relationship among a set of variables.
C) examine the reliability of a new measure.
D) condense a large number of variables into a few variables to simplify data analysis.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about prospective research is/are TRUE?


A) It allows researchers to draw firm causal conclusions from correlational data by testing the time precedence of a proposed cause relative to its proposed effect.
B) It allows researchers to draw firm causal conclusions from correlational data by controlling the third variable problem.
C) It examines the correlation of a hypothesized cause at Time 1 with its hypothesized effect at Time 2 to investigate the time precedence of a possible causal variable.
D) All of the above are true.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Describe how a path analysis can be used to test mediational hypotheses.

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Path analysis is a statistical technique...

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People who score higher on empathy tend to score low on prejudice; women also tend to have lower prejudice scores than men. You hypothesize that empathy MEDIATES the relationship between gender and prejudice. Of the following designs, which would be the most appropriate to use to test your hypothesis?


A) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
B) path analysis
C) quasi-experiment
D) factorial ANOVA

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Explain how a confirmatory factor analysis can be used to assess the structural validity of a measure.

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Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a ...

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Explain why it is important to test both preferred and plausible alternative models when analyzing data using path analysis and structural equation modeling.

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It is important to test both preferred a...

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__________ examines the correlation between a hypothesized cause at Time 1 with its hypothesized effect at time 2.


A) Latent variable analysis
B) Confirmatory factor analysis
C) Prospective research
D) Alternative analysis modeling

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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