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Exam 33: Ecology of Populations

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Question 1

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Which of the following are environmental factors that determine where an organism can live? (Check all that apply.)

A) intraspecific competition
B) predation
C) prey availability
D) soil type
E) sunlight
F) temperature
G) water

H) None of the above
I) E) and F)

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Question 2

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This summer, you are returning to the research station in Costa Rica to follow up on the population of butterflies you have been studying. You are disappointed to find that there are fewer this year than last. In fact, at dinner your friends studying frogs and birds are complaining about the same thing. What type of influence do you suspect?

A) a density-independent effect like an introduced predator
B) a density-dependent effect like environmental disruption
C) a density-independent effect like environmental disruption
D) a density-dependent effect like an introduced predator

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Many organisms have adaptations to avoid freezing temperatures, including behaviors like migration, features like thick fur, and molecular features like antifreeze molecules. However, some organisms have a adaptation called ice nucleation, in which special proteins help ice crystals to form at warmer temperatures. What organism would be most likely to benefit from such an adaptation?

An underwater volcano has erupted, and as the lava cools a new island has formed. Which types of animal species are likely to be among the first to colonize the island?

During the late 1800s, cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize. Their range has expanded dramatically over the years. Why were they able to do this?

A graduate student is studying the feeding behavior of a small octopus that must be laboriously collected from the shores of a remote island. Her intern wishes to do experiments to look at the octopus's mating behavior. Why might the graduate student veto this idea?

A farmer's land includes a wilderness area that is home to an endangered species of bird. He wants to sell the land to a developer, and you have been hired to evaluate the environmental concerns. "This little patch of land is not crucial for the bird species!" the farmer says, "In fact, my land is surrounded by several other wilderness patches that also have that bird." You reply: "It is possible that your land acts as the ____________ and the other areas are ___________ . If that's the case, development would be devastating to the population."

Two populations have very similar birth rates and death rates, but the change in the growth of the populations is quite different. What other factors might account for the difference? (Check all that apply.)

The figure included shows the body temperature of lizards versus air temperature in two different habitats-open and shaded forest. Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by these data.

A small group of mice were released on an island. The island previously had no mice on it, but had abundant food and no predators. After several years of growth, the size of the new island population stabilizes. However, at this point a hurricane drastically reduces the population. How would you describe the situation?

Which of the following describe density-dependent factors?

There are three aspects of entire populations that are important and often studied. Select the best choice from the ones listed.

What are characteristics of r-selected populations? (Check all that apply.)

You are earning your Ph.D. in marine biology, studying the microbial ocean community. This year, you are shocked to discover that one of your study sites has become contaminated due to an industrial waste water pipe. This dumping is drastically raising the temperature and lowering the salinity of the water. What do you expect to find in your survey of the population, and what might you find in a survey years from now?

A population of squirrels is in a phase of exponential growth. What events would act to slow this growth? (Check all that apply.)

A rancher is suspected of shooting wolves near Yellowstone National Park, and you have been enlisted to go have a chat with him. The rancher doesn't see any benefit to having the wolves there. What do you say?