Question 1

Which schools of psychology are the most and the least likely to study thoughts and mental processes?

Accepted Answer

cognitive ...

Question 2

Which type of psychologist might work at Ford Motor Company to determine how to change the lighting and the assembly line, or to determine which questions to ask potential employees?

Accepted Answer

industrial...

Question 3

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ivan Pavlov
B)   William James
C)   Wilhelm Wundt
D)   Max Wertheimer
E)   E.B. TitchenerF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

__________ is a phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study.

Accepted Answer

A)   Durability bias
B)   Expectancy bias
C)   Availability heuristic
D)   Confounding variable
E)   Confirmation biasF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Functionalists were interested in the function of ________ in dealing with the problems of everyday living.

Accepted Answer

A)   family and friends
B)   consciousness
C)   stress reduction techniques
D)   drugs
E)   professional therapistsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

A psychology teacher wants to determine whether computer-aided learning will produce higher standardized test scores than a usual lecture format. In this example, the independent variable is the

Accepted Answer

A)   individual students.
B)   students' previous grades in psychology.
C)   test scores.
D)   students' interest in psychology.
E)   method of instruction.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

Psychology is distinct from psychiatry in that it

Accepted Answer

A)   requires significantly less graduate training.
B)   is concerned with all behavior, not just abnormality and mental illness.
C)   is based on counseling therapy rather than medication.
D)   is less concerned with scientific method than the latter disciplines.
E)   is not considered to be a scientific field.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by

Accepted Answer

A)   William James.
B)   William Tell.
C)   Wilhelm Wundt.
D)   Sigmund Freud.
E)   William the Conqueror.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

A subject in an experiment that receives no real treatment would be receiving

Accepted Answer

A)   an active substance.
B)   the treatment under study.
C)   the active condition.
D)   a placebo.
E)   the experimental treatment.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

If obese people tend to whistle less than slender people, what kind of correlation would be expected between weight and the tendency to whistle?

Accepted Answer

A)   zero
B)   positive
C)   negative
D)   random
E)   minimalF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Simply put, the difference between people in the experimental group and those in the control group is whether they

Accepted Answer

A)   are participating in the research.
B)   receive the study treatment.
C)   are measured by the researcher(s) .
D)   receive the dependent variable.
E)   are in a double-blind study.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

In science, a theory

Accepted Answer

A)   is based on several hypotheses.
B)   always generates accurate findings.
C)   is an unverified idea or abstract concept.
D)   is diametrically opposed to empiricism.
E)   is a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

The tendency to look for supportive evidence rather than actively seeking out contradictory evidence is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   the confirmation bias.
D)   the hindsight bias.
E)   the emotional bias.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

The key feature of behaviorism that distinguishes it from other approaches to psychology is that

Accepted Answer

A)   consciousness is central to the study of the mind.
B)   only observable behavior is appropriate for study.
C)   mental abilities evolve just as physical characteristics do.
D)   a holistic view of a person is essential for understanding.
E)   groups, not individuals, should be the focus of study.F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Explain what is involved in a correlational study and why such studies are sometimes performed instead of experiments. Describe several drawbacks to correlational studies.

Accepted Answer

Correlational studie...

Question 16

This type of correlation coefficient indicates that the variables change simultaneously in the same direction--one grows larger or smaller, the other grows or shrinks in a parallel way:

Accepted Answer

A)   no correlation
B)   positive correlation
C)   zero correlation
D)   neutral correlation
E)   negative correlationF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to "the science of behavior"?

Accepted Answer

A)   relation between grade-point average and salary
B)   thought processes students used while trying to answer this question
C)   how changes in the rate of television violence influence real-life violence
D)   effectiveness of several treatments for people who suffer from depression
E)   the hereditary determinants of sexual orientationF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 18

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral
B)   sociocultural
C)   psychodynamic
D)   cognitive
E)   evolutionaryF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Alicia wants to understand the impact of peer pressure on adolescent behavior. She goes to a popular mall and observes the activities and interactions of a group of adolescents. Alicia is using

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report measures.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   conditioning.
D)   introspection.
E)   a double-blind study.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A)   Participants may not withdraw once they start.
B)   Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.
C)   Participants cannot be subjected to shock of any kind.
D)   Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
E)   Participants must be paid for their participation in a research project.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by

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In science, a theory

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Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to "the science of behavior"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If obese people tend to whistle less than slender people, what kind of correlation would be expected between weight and the tendency to whistle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychology teacher wants to determine whether computer-aided learning will produce higher standardized test scores than a usual lecture format. In this example, the independent variable is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Functionalists were interested in the function of ________ in dealing with the problems of everyday living.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alicia wants to understand the impact of peer pressure on adolescent behavior. She goes to a popular mall and observes the activities and interactions of a group of adolescents. Alicia is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The key feature of behaviorism that distinguishes it from other approaches to psychology is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology is distinct from psychiatry in that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This type of correlation coefficient indicates that the variables change simultaneously in the same direction--one grows larger or smaller, the other grows or shrinks in a parallel way:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of psychologist might work at Ford Motor Company to determine how to change the lighting and the assembly line, or to determine which questions to ask potential employees?

Correct Answerverifiedindustrial...View AnswerShow Answer

__________ is a phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which schools of psychology are the most and the least likely to study thoughts and mental processes?

Correct Answerverifiedcognitive ...View AnswerShow Answer

A subject in an experiment that receives no real treatment would be receiving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what is involved in a correlational study and why such studies are sometimes performed instead of experiments. Describe several drawbacks to correlational studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedCorrelational studie...View AnswerShow Answer

Simply put, the difference between people in the experimental group and those in the control group is whether they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to look for supportive evidence rather than actively seeking out contradictory evidence is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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industrial...
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cognitive ...
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Correlational studie...
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