Question 1

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

A)   the period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B)   the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C)   the period during which the umbilical cord develops
D)   the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional
E)   the period during which the endometrium is shed from the lining of the uterus and is evacuated out the vaginaF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Sally has been smoking for ten years. She is now pregnant. Her doctor explained that maternal smoking carries a greater risk of

Accepted Answer

A)   FAS
B)   FAE
C)   ADHD
D)   SIDS
E)   SADSF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Accepted Answer

A)   biological changes in the brain.
B)   unconscious factors.
C)   completing activities in isolation.
D)   interaction between a child and skilled people.
E)   observational learningF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Amy is 30 years old and she has difficulty forming meaningful relationships with others. According to Erikson, she is most likely in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   intimacy versus isolation
B)   identity versus role confusion
C)   basic trust versus mistrust
D)   integrity versus despair
E)   autonomy versus shame/doubtF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Parents in low-SES households read to their children an average of just _____ hours between the ages of one and five.

Accepted Answer

A)   10
B)   20
C)   25
D)   30
E)   50F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Daryl believes that there is more Silly Putty when it is in a ball shape than when John makes it into a big "pancake." Piaget would argue that Daryl has

Accepted Answer

A)   learned object permanence.
B)   not mastered conservation.
C)   demonstrated egocentrism.
D)   animistic thinking.
E)   formal operational thought.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called

Accepted Answer

A)   temperament.
B)   attachment.
C)   trust.
D)   habituation.
E)   affective valencingF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Elijah is a 3 year old little boy who likes to spread his peas and carrots all over his plate. After spreading out his food, he asks for more. His mom pushes all the food together and Elijah continues to eat. Which period of cognitive development is Elijah in?

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism
B)   sensorimotor
C)   preoperational
D)   accommodation
E)   assimilationF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

From the age of two to six, a child's vocabulary increases from ________ to ________ words.

Accepted Answer

A)   2,000; 4,000
B)   9,000; 24,000
C)   1,000; 10,000
D)   9,000; 20,000
E)   10,000; 40,000F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 10

A four-year-old child who insists on choosing and putting on her clothes without any assistance from her mother would be classified by Erikson as being in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   concrete operational
B)   trust versus mistrust
C)   initiative versus guilt
D)   intimacy versus isolation
E)   competence versus inferiorityF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

The cells that eventually form the organ systems of the infant start development during the ________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)   zygotic
B)   menarche
C)   infancy
D)   fetal
E)   embryonicF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The correct order of the three stages of human prenatal development are

Accepted Answer

A)   differentiation, implantation, and strengthening.
B)   embryo, zygote, and fetus.
C)   placental, umbilical, and embryonic.
D)   embryonic, placental, and umbilical.
E)   germinal, embryonic, fetal.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 13

________ was a cognitive theorist who began his investigations by carefully observing his own three children.

Accepted Answer

A)   Skinner
B)   Piaget
C)   Kűbler-Ross
D)   Bowlby
E)   FreudF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is a serious flaw in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)   The lower stages have not been found in all cultures.
B)   Moral reasoning does not predict actual behavior.
C)   The higher stages are not associated with education.
D)   The stages as a whole do not parallel Piaget's stages.
E)   All cultures attain the stages in the same order.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Puberty is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the production of hormones in the reproductive glands stimulated by the pituitary gland.
B)   the stage of identity versus role confusion.
C)   the onset of sexual maturity.
D)   the time when a child becomes a teenager.
E)   the period when a child reaches adult cognitive ability.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Ron, a toddler, takes a picture and puts it to the receiver of a phone in order to "show" it to his grandmother. This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   disoriented attachment.
B)   conservation.
C)   object permanence.
D)   egocentrism.
E)   reversibilityF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

________ refers to heredity and ________ refers to environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Nature; nurture
B)   Cognition; emotion
C)   Nurture; behavioral genetics
D)   Cross-sectional; longitudinal
E)   Longitudinal, cross-sequentialF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist. His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question or they know there will be harsh consequences. Diana Baumrind would describe Germain's parenting style as

Accepted Answer

A)   authoritarian.
B)   authoritative.
C)   ironclad.
D)   indulgent.
E)   permissiveF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

He proposed a transitional period to adulthood called emerging adulthood:

Accepted Answer

A)   Piaget
B)   Erikson
C)   Arnett
D)   Kohlberg
E)   FreudF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

Approximately ________ of American adolescent girls and ________ of boys claimed that they have "frequently felt ugly and unattractive."

Accepted Answer

A)   44%, 32%
B)   23%, 43%
C)   23%, 44%
D)   44%, 23%
E)   44%, 25%F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 7: Development Over the Lifespan

Elijah is a 3 year old little boy who likes to spread his peas and carrots all over his plate. After spreading out his food, he asks for more. His mom pushes all the food together and Elijah continues to eat. Which period of cognitive development is Elijah in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parents in low-SES households read to their children an average of just _____ hours between the ages of one and five.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A four-year-old child who insists on choosing and putting on her clothes without any assistance from her mother would be classified by Erikson as being in the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

He proposed a transitional period to adulthood called emerging adulthood:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Puberty is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a serious flaw in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist. His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question or they know there will be harsh consequences. Diana Baumrind would describe Germain's parenting style as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ron, a toddler, takes a picture and puts it to the receiver of a phone in order to "show" it to his grandmother. This example illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From the age of two to six, a child's vocabulary increases from ________ to ________ words.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ refers to heredity and ________ refers to environmental influences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amy is 30 years old and she has difficulty forming meaningful relationships with others. According to Erikson, she is most likely in the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cells that eventually form the organ systems of the infant start development during the ________ phase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Daryl believes that there is more Silly Putty when it is in a ball shape than when John makes it into a big "pancake." Piaget would argue that Daryl has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ was a cognitive theorist who began his investigations by carefully observing his own three children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally has been smoking for ten years. She is now pregnant. Her doctor explained that maternal smoking carries a greater risk of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately ________ of American adolescent girls and ________ of boys claimed that they have "frequently felt ugly and unattractive."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The correct order of the three stages of human prenatal development are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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From the age of two to six, a child's vocabulary increases from to words.

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refers to heredity and refers to environmental influences.

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Approximately of American adolescent girls and of boys claimed that they have "frequently felt ugly and unattractive."

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