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Exam 13: Reasoning and Decision Making

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Question 1

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What is a categorical syllogism? How well can people judge the validity of categorical syllogisms, and what is the difference between validity and truth in syllogistic reasoning?

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A categorical syllogism refers to the ar...

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Question 2

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Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people

A) do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome.
B) are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat.
C) misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide.
D) can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 3

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Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city.The decision is creating a lot of anxiety in him, which is an example of an

When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers) ,

In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10) .PFC activation was

Derrick purchased a new car, a Ford Mustang, less than a month ago.While sitting in traffic, Derrick says to his girlfriend, "Mustangs must be the best-selling car now.I can't remember seeing as many on the road as I have recently." Derrick's judgment is most likely biased by a(n)

Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool.You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him.James gets a bit annoyed with your criticism and says "George Burns smoked cigars, and he lived to be 100!" You might point out that a major problem with his "George Burns" argument involves

Cecile has dreamed of owning her own home for years, and she can finally afford a small cottage in an older neighborhood.She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns.Cecile's emotions are influenced by

The validity of a syllogism depends on

By using a(n) , a country could increase the percentage of individuals agreeing to be organ donors dramatically.

Consider the following conditional syllogism: Premise 1: If I don't eat lunch today, I will be hungry tonight. Premise 2: I ate lunch today. Conclusion: Therefore, I wasn't hungry tonight. This syllogism is

The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the

The conjunction rule states that

The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's

Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves _____ reasoning.

Which of the following statements would most likely invoke the operation of a permission schema?

Perseveration represents difficulty in

Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to

Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi on my line.I fought for it for a few minutes, then my line snapped.The ahi swam away across the pond." Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that ahi are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds.Greg's account contains

Inductive reasoning involves