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The environmental challenges of packaging and labeling are often global in nature. These include all of the following except


A) the shortage of viable landfill sites.
B) growth of solid waste.
C) the composition of packaging materials.
D) cultural norms.
E) recycling.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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A manufacturer can successfully use mixed branding because


A) it involves giving each product a distinct brand name.
B) the segment attracted to the reseller product is different from its own targeted market segment.
C) the company uses one name for all of its products for the sake of simplicity.
D) it is easy to do.
E) it produces lower profits for the reseller and higher profits for the manufacturer.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements is most accurate?


A) The name Gatorade was chosen because as an energy drink it "got you out the gate-fast."
B) The name Gatorade was coined by a team who lost to the University of Florida Gators, attributing the Gator win to the "aid" it got from the rehydrating beverage.
C) The green color of the original lemon-lime Gatorade was based on the University of Florida's alligator mascot.
D) Gatorade was developed by PepsiCo as a cause-marketing project to provide resources for women's sports at the University of Florida as a result of the passage of Title IX in 1972.
E) Gatorade is the only sports drink marketer that doesn't use sports celebrities to endorse its products.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following occurs during the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) Sales drop.
B) Flanking product lines are added.
C) The product becomes less vulnerable to changes in the marketing environment.
D) Promotional support is increased.
E) Competition becomes intense as more competitors enter the market.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Define brand equity. List the four sequential steps used to develop brand equity. Which step is the most difficult?

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Brand equity is the added value a brand ...

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Consider the Huggies range of products for babies and very young children. Kimberly-Clark has successfully leveraged the strong Huggies brand image among mothers in its use of __________ when it introduced a full line of baby and toddler toiletries.


A) product line branding
B) subbranding
C) multiproduct branding
D) mixed branding
E) brand extensions

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Sales exhibit a downward trend throughout which stage of the product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decay
E) decline

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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There are several reasons a consumer would be reluctant to adopt a new product. For example, a consumer might be reluctant to adopt a new product because of a psychological barrier, which occurs when


A) there is no incentive to change.
B) there are physical, economic, or social risks.
C) there are cultural differences.
D) the financial commitment is too great.
E) the product is not consistent with existing habits.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The Coca-Cola Co. is the __________ of that firm.


A) logo
B) brand name
C) trade name
D) brand identity
E) trademark

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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To counteract counterfeiting, the U.S. government passed the __________ in 2006.


A) Counterfeiting Prohibition Act
B) Counterfeiting and Industrial Espionage Act
C) Stop Counterfeiting Act
D) Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act
E) Unauthorized Manufacturing and Copyright Act

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Black & Decker uses a __________ strategy to reach the do-it-yourself market with the Black & Decker brand name and the professional construction market with the DeWalt brand name.


A) product differentiation branding
B) multiproduct branding
C) multibranding
D) segmentation branding
E) private branding

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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A strategy for managing a product's life cycle that attempts to find new customers, increase a product's use among existing customers, or create new use situations is referred to as


A) market modification.
B) product modification.
C) product repositioning.
D) product extension.
E) diversification.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Describe the decline stage of the product life cycle. Explain the two strategies a company might employ if its product were in the decline stage of its product life cycle.

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The decline stage occurs when sales drop...

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Which of the following is a multiproduct branding strategy?


A) mixed branding
B) product line extensions
C) multibranding
D) brand licensing
E) private branding

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is an example of a product in the maturity stage of the product life cycle?


A) pocket video cameras
B) hybrid vehicles
C) 3D HDTVs
D) soft drinks
E) tablet devices

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The classifications of innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards are all based upon


A) how frequently a consumer uses a product.
B) the number and strength of competitors.
C) when consumers begin buying a new product.
D) the time it takes to educate a consumer in the use of a new technology.
E) how quickly consumers respond to an advertising message or campaign.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When the National Cattlemen's Beef Association developed the "Beef, It's What's for Dinner" advertising campaign, it was trying to stimulate __________ demand.


A) selective
B) generic
C) derived
D) primary
E) secondary

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Kellogg's changed the name of its Heartwise cereal to Fiberwise most likely to


A) respond to a changing public interest from heart to intestinal health issues.
B) convey a stronger product image, since "heart" implied sentimentality and "fiber" implied strength.
C) comply with Food and Drug Administration guidelines on the use of the word "heart" in food brand names.
D) avoid a lawsuit by the maker of HeartPro Organic Cereal because it claimed the names and benefits were too similar.
E) complement its new line of breakfast fiber bars.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Trading up refers to


A) adding product features but reducing the price.
B) changing the distribution channel members to higher-service-quality retailers.
C) adding value to the product (or line) through additional features or higher-quality materials.
D) reallocating marketing resources from a poor-performing target market to one that demonstrates greater potential for future growth.
E) offering consumers a discount when they purchase a more expensive version of the product.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Brand equity is the added value a brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits provided. This value has two distinct advantages-it creates a competitive advantage, and


A) it guarantees the lowest prices.
B) decision making becomes easier for consumers.
C) there is no need for coupons, discounts, or other customer incentives.
D) customers are often willing to pay a higher price.
E) new market segments are easily added to the market-product grid.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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