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Private branding is also referred to as private labeling or __________.


A) reseller branding
B) generic branding
C) multibranding
D) co-branding
E) multiproduct branding

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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In which stage of the product life cycle is it important to broaden distribution of the product?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Brand extensions is the practice of


A) manufacturing a product under a new name that consumers will view as an entirely new product line.
B) manufacturing a new product with the same brand name for a new market segment in the same product class.
C) manufacturing accessory products for the base offering, such as Barbie clothes for Barbie Dolls.
D) licensing another firm to manufacture modified versions of the original product.
E) applying the current brand name to enter a completely different product class.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following occurs during the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) Sales decrease substantially.
B) Flanking product lines are added.
C) The product becomes less vulnerable to changes in the marketing environment.
D) Promotional support is increased.
E) Competition becomes intense as more competitors enter the market.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Describe the concept of diffusion of innovation. Identify the category and incidence in the population for each product adopter.

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The diffusion of innovation is the exten...

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Bayer Aspirin is sold in the original strength, in a safety-coated version, in an extra-strength version, and in a version designed especially for women. Bayer is using a __________ strategy.


A) product item expansion
B) subbranding
C) product line extension
D) co-branding
E) brand extension

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Most services have a limited capacity due to the __________ of the service from the service provider and the perishable nature of the service.


A) inventory
B) inconsistency
C) intangibility
D) information
E) inseparability

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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A new exercise video contends that with one day of fasting and a one-hour period of intense cardiovascular exercise, the average individual can lose five pounds a week and be in peak health within six months of starting the program. __________ barriers could doom the new product to failure because the product's claims are not consistent with how consumers think and behave.


A) Psychological
B) Social
C) Physical
D) Risk
E) Usage

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Which type of product has equally rapid introduction and decline stages of the product life cycle?


A) high-learning products
B) low-learning products
C) fashion products
D) generalized products
E) fad products

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The belief that products originating from one country would be of better or worse quality than the products from another country illustrates the __________ benefits that packaging information can provide.


A) functional
B) financial
C) physical
D) perceptual
E) communication

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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To handle products in the decline stage of the product life cycle, companies often use either a __________ strategy or a __________ strategy.


A) divesting; harvesting
B) diversification; contraction
C) deletion; harvesting
D) deletion; diversification
E) building; divesting

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an important aspect of product life cycles?


A) the shape of the sales curves.
B) the rate at which consumers use word of mouth.
C) environmental change.
D) competitors' products.
E) segmentation strategy.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The appearance of the environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm and customer interact can influence the customer's __________ of the service.


A) repeat usage
B) branding
C) exploitation
D) life cycle
E) perception

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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During the __________ stage of the product life cycle, product proliferation occurs as a results of each company's efforts to differentiate its product from competitors'.


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The key idea behind diffusion of innovation is that __________.


A) not all consumers accept a new product at the same time; adoption of a product spreads slowly throughout the population
B) once a product enters the market, the time span between awareness and purchase is incredibly short
C) the introduction of an entire new product class almost always diffuses the importance of its predecessor within a matter of months
D) adoption of a new product line does not change the diffusion rate of older lines in the market
E) the rate of adoption is independent of other product form innovations or competitive products in the marketplace

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Combining a corporate or family brand with a new brand to distinguish a part of its product line from others is referred to as __________.


A) subbranding
B) multibranding
C) mixed branding
D) private branding
E) family branding

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following products would have a high-learning product life cycle curve?


A) electric cars
B) Fusion razors
C) fleece bikinis
D) women's hosiery
E) vinyl dresses

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which stage in the product life cycle is characterized by a slowing of total industry sales or product class revenue?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) decelerated implementation

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Consumer advocates believe the practice of downsizing by consumer products firms has resulted in __________.


A) lower product prices for consumers because of lower labor, raw material, and packaging costs
B) a greener environment due to the reduction in the amount of packaging, thereby reducing the amount of waste disposed in landfills
C) fewer product choices for consumers that led to rising prices
D) keeping prices from rising in response to the psychological barriers consumers have developed for downsized products
E) a subtle, deceptive, yet legal practice of disguising a price increase

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which a service is created and delivered is referred to as __________.


A) process
B) procedure
C) productivity
D) protocol
E) plan

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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