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Exam 26: Lipids

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Question 21

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How many triglycerides (including stereoisomers) are there which contain one molecule of stearic acid, one of myristic acid and one of arachidic acid?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is not true?

A) sodium soaps are prepared by saponification of triglycerides
B) a by-product of the saponification of triglycerides is glycerol
C) soap molecules assemble into micelles
D) grease molecules absorb on to the surface of micelles

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 23

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Consider the following structures. Use these to answer the following questions by placing the appropriate Roman numerical in the blank. -Saponification followed by protonation of structure _____ produces two moles of the salt of stearic acid and one mole of the salt of oleic acid.

Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

Which of the following is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

Consider the following. Structure ____ would be classified as an synthetic detergent.

Female sex hormones like estrone are called _____________.

What is the biological precursor of prostaglandins?

An example of a cationic detergent is shown below.

The chiral centers in $\alpha$ -santonin are indicated by asterisks in the following.

What functional group of the protein opsin reacts with retinal to form rhodopsin, a light-sensitive pigment?

Explain the formation of "soap scum", formed in areas which have "hard" water. What chemical reaction takes place, and what physical process results?

Circle the hydrophilic part of sodium palmitate, a soap that is the sodium salt of a fatty acid, and put a rectangle around the hydrophobic part.

Provide the general structure of a triglyceride.

The main difference between fats and oils is that oils contain a lower percentage of unsaturated alkyl chains.

The following tetracylic structure is common to steroids, an importnat class of biomolecules that have a number of sterocenters. Modify the structure on the right by placing the hydrogen atoms and methyl groups to accurately depict the structure on the left (including steeochemistry).

Describe how the structure of a phospholipid differs from that of a trigyceride fat, and what influence this difference has on the interaction of these molecules with water.

Arachidonic acid is a C₂₀ acid that is involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, an important class of biomolecules. Provide the IUPAC name of arachidinic acid.

Salts of long chain fatty acids are called detergents.