Question 1

The effects of a placebo are compared to the effects of the actual independent variable on the experimental group. The placebo control group serves as a check for practice effects and expectancy effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

During her first trip abroad, Paula was surprised to find that people in other cultures ate such foods as snails, squid, insects, lizards, earthworms, and seaweed. "One day they will become civilized like us and eat normal foods like donuts, pizza, hot dogs, and hamburgers and fries," she e-mailed her parents. Paula's remarks reflect a tendency called:

Accepted Answer

A)   collectivism.
B)   ethnocentrism.
C)   expectancy effects.
D)   demand characteristics.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Dangerous Dan's lawyer claimed that his client is not mentally competent to stand trial, but the prosecutor believes that he is. In order to resolve the issue, it is very likely that a _____ psychologist will be consulted to conduct an assessment.

Accepted Answer

A)   health
B)   rehabilitation
C)   forensic
D)   personalityE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Unobtrusively, Dr. Jones and two of her students record the willingness of boys and girls to volunteer for an elephant ride or a donkey ride at the local zoo. Jones is using:

Accepted Answer

A)   unethical research practices.
B)   experimental research methods.
C)   meta-analysis.
D)   descriptive research methods.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

In trying to make sense out of the unusual experimental results, Dr. Kling and Dr. Hunger carefully reviewed a video tape of the experimental assistant interacting with the research participants. "Look at that!" said Dr. Hunger as she pointed at the screen. "He's smiling as he hands the fake vitamins to the participants in the placebo control group, but he didn't smile when he handed the real vitamins to the participants in the experimental group." "Well," said Dr. Kling, shaking his head, "It looks like we'll have to invalidate the experiment because the:

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental assistant was displaying demand characteristics."
B)   requirement of random assignment has been violated."
C)   research assistant changed the study from a single-blind study to a double-blind study."
D)   research assistant forgot to debrief the participants before handing out the vitamins."E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The Snape Oil Supplement Company uses sincere and compelling testimonials and personal anecdotes to promote its products on TV infomercials. These testimonials:

Accepted Answer

A)   are acceptable scientific evidence.
B)   should be believed because they appear to be genuine and the products really did help these people as they claim.
C)   lack the basic controls used in research and are not acceptable scientific evidence.
D)   are a type of descriptive research method called naturalistic observation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment showed conclusively that taking ginkgo biloba in combination with exercise has proven health benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What strategies do pseudosciences often use to promote their claims?

Accepted Answer

Pseudosciences often employ a range of s...

Question 9

Deception in psychology experiments:

Accepted Answer

A)   has not been allowed since the 1960s when participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience study were not told beforehand that they would have to use electric shock to punish the "learner" every time the "learner" made a mistake.
B)   is still allowed when it is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception, and when the potential findings justify its use because of the scientific, educational, or applied value.
C)   is expressly forbidden by the provisions in the 2002D) All of the above
E) A) and C)

Question 10

Descriptive methods include correlational studies, case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Of the nearly 6,000 people who participated in the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) , which is a survey on sexual behaviors:

Accepted Answer

A)   all had volunteered to be in the survey by responding to advertisements.
B)   each was randomly assigned to the different experimental conditions in the study.
C)   each was randomly selected from the entire U.S. population.
D)   almost all were from either California or New York.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Positive psychology focuses on developing therapeutic techniques that increase personal well-being rather than just alleviating the troubling symptoms of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

John B. Watson believed that conscious processes were worthy of study for psychology and promoted the use of introspection as a technique for studying such processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The development of the first computers in the 1950s was a contributing factor to the cognitive revolution in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Although the biological perspective was important when psychology was first founded, it is of little interest in contemporary psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Charles Darwin was the author of the landmark book on evolution On the Origin of Species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A friend tells you that putting a small cardboard pyramid under your bed as you sleep at night will enhance your "psychic energy" and give you "inner peace." Pseudoscientific claims like this:

Accepted Answer

A)   are irrefutable or nonfalsifiable because they use vague terms like "psychic energy" and "inner peace" and cannot be disproved or tested in any meaningful way.
B)   can be tested only using brain-imaging technology such as PET scans, MRI, or fMRI.
C)   can be tested only with natural experiments.
D)   would be unethical to test because the researcher would have to use a double-blind study.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The scientific method is rarely used in psychology, as psychologists value "common sense," subjective experience, and expert opinions more highly than so-called empirical evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   random selection; naturalistic observation
B)   some; all
C)   case study; survey
D)   case study; multiple case studyE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective:

Accepted Answer

A)   believe that psychological processes that help individuals adapt to their environment also help them to survive, to reproduce, and to pass those abilities on to future generations.
B)   study the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur over the lifespan.
C)   investigate mental processes, including thinking, reasoning, problem solving, memory, perception, and language.
D)   are concerned with the relationship between people and work.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The effects of a placebo are compared to the effects of the actual independent variable on the experimental group. The placebo control group serves as a check for practice effects and expectancy effects.

Correct Answer
verified

The scientific method is rarely used in psychology, as psychologists value "common sense," subjective experience, and expert opinions more highly than so-called empirical evidence.

Correct Answer
verified

Charles Darwin was the author of the landmark book on evolution On the Origin of Species.

Correct Answer
verified

Although the biological perspective was important when psychology was first founded, it is of little interest in contemporary psychology.

Correct Answer
verified

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment showed conclusively that taking ginkgo biloba in combination with exercise has proven health benefits.

Correct Answer
verified

Positive psychology focuses on developing therapeutic techniques that increase personal well-being rather than just alleviating the troubling symptoms of psychological disorders.

Correct Answer
verified

Descriptive methods include correlational studies, case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

Correct Answer
verified

Dangerous Dan's lawyer claimed that his client is not mentally competent to stand trial, but the prosecutor believes that he is. In order to resolve the issue, it is very likely that a _____ psychologist will be consulted to conduct an assessment.

Correct Answer
verified

A friend tells you that putting a small cardboard pyramid under your bed as you sleep at night will enhance your "psychic energy" and give you "inner peace." Pseudoscientific claims like this:

Correct Answer
verified

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective:

Correct Answer
verified

What strategies do pseudosciences often use to promote their claims?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Pseudosciences often employ a range of s...
View Answer

The Snape Oil Supplement Company uses sincere and compelling testimonials and personal anecdotes to promote its products on TV infomercials. These testimonials:

Correct Answer
verified

John B. Watson believed that conscious processes were worthy of study for psychology and promoted the use of introspection as a technique for studying such processes.

Correct Answer
verified

The development of the first computers in the 1950s was a contributing factor to the cognitive revolution in psychology.

Correct Answer
verified

Of the nearly 6,000 people who participated in the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) , which is a survey on sexual behaviors:

Correct Answer
verified

Unobtrusively, Dr. Jones and two of her students record the willingness of boys and girls to volunteer for an elephant ride or a donkey ride at the local zoo. Jones is using:

Correct Answer
verified

Deception in psychology experiments:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sample is to population as _ is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The effects of a placebo are compared to the effects of the actual independent variable on the experimental group. The placebo control group serves as a check for practice effects and expectancy effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific method is rarely used in psychology, as psychologists value "common sense," subjective experience, and expert opinions more highly than so-called empirical evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Charles Darwin was the author of the landmark book on evolution On the Origin of Species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the biological perspective was important when psychology was first founded, it is of little interest in contemporary psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment showed conclusively that taking ginkgo biloba in combination with exercise has proven health benefits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive psychology focuses on developing therapeutic techniques that increase personal well-being rather than just alleviating the troubling symptoms of psychological disorders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive methods include correlational studies, case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dangerous Dan's lawyer claimed that his client is not mentally competent to stand trial, but the prosecutor believes that he is. In order to resolve the issue, it is very likely that a _____ psychologist will be consulted to conduct an assessment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A friend tells you that putting a small cardboard pyramid under your bed as you sleep at night will enhance your "psychic energy" and give you "inner peace." Pseudoscientific claims like this:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What strategies do pseudosciences often use to promote their claims?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPseudosciences often employ a range of s...View AnswerShow Answer

The Snape Oil Supplement Company uses sincere and compelling testimonials and personal anecdotes to promote its products on TV infomercials. These testimonials:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson believed that conscious processes were worthy of study for psychology and promoted the use of introspection as a technique for studying such processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The development of the first computers in the 1950s was a contributing factor to the cognitive revolution in psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the nearly 6,000 people who participated in the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) , which is a survey on sexual behaviors:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unobtrusively, Dr. Jones and two of her students record the willingness of boys and girls to volunteer for an elephant ride or a donkey ride at the local zoo. Jones is using:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deception in psychology experiments:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Pseudosciences often employ a range of s...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sample is to population as _ is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified