Question 1

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, which interaction involves one individual neither gaining nor losing?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition
B)  predation
C)  obligate mutalism
D)  facultative mutalism
E)  commensalismF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Consider a species of fruit bat. Which of the following factors play a role in the distribution of these fruit bats?

Accepted Answer

A)  what organisms, if any, prey upon fruit bats
B)  the dispersal capabilities of this species of fruit bat (i.e., could these bats fly to uncolonized islands) 
C)  what organisms compete with these fruit bats for particular food sources or nesting areas
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Bacteria in our large intestine break down foodstuffs that would otherwise be expelled as feces. As they break down the food, vitamins are released and absorbed. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitism.
B)  commensalism.
C)  mutualism.
D)  competition.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Some bacteria in the human intestine aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, while utilizing these nutrients themselves as well. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism.
B)  mutualism.
C)  parasitism.
D)  predation.
E)  an antagonistic interaction.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Following a disturbance, the process by which species replace each other over time is/are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  disturbances.
B)  succession.
C)  keystone species.
D)  competition.
E)  ecosystem engineers.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

A species' niche is determined only by its physical environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California there are many populations of the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha. You notice that females of one population (populationA ) It is random. You breed a member of population A with a member of population B. You raise the hybrid caterpillars on paper towels in the lab. You cross all the female hybrids with members of population A, and then you release the pregnant hybrid females back into the natural environment. All of the hybrid females lay their eggs at the center of the stems (not at the top or the bottom) . What does this suggest about the trait of female egg placement on stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  lay their eggs near the tip of a plant's stem. Females of another population in the same area (population
B)  There is no genetic component. They always lay their eggs in the same environment that they experienced as caterpillars.
C)  There is a genetic component to egg placement.
D)  lay their eggs at the base of the stem on a different type of plant. The young hatch out as caterpillars; they live on the host plant and eat its leaves.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The broad base at the primary producer level in a trophic pyramid is due to all of the following EXCEPT the:

Accepted Answer

A)  greatest availability of energy.
B)  greatest amount of biomass.
C)  relatively higher number of primary producers compared with organisms at other levels.
D)  amount of oxygen given off at this level.
E)  larger body size of primary producers compared with organisms at other levels.F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 9

Severe physical impacts on a habitat are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  disturbances.
B)  successions.
C)  keystone species.
D)  competitions.
E)  ecosystem engineers.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Some species of ant "farm" aphids by protecting them from predators. In return, the ants feed on a sugar-rich liquid (called honeydew)  secreted by the aphids. The ecological relationship between the ants and the aphids is:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism.
B)  parasitism.
C)  competition.
D)  None of the answer options is correct.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Competition and predation are one-sided interactions called _____, in which at least one participant experiences a loss.

Accepted Answer

A)  predations
B)  mutualisms
C)  antagonisms
D)  commensalisms
E)  parasitismsF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

You are MOST likely to observe succession in a terrestrial community where lichens were one of the first species to establish the area when you visit a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  recently burned forest.
B)  recently created volcanic island.
C)  abandoned field.
D)  recently plowed field.
E)  tropical rain forest.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following BEST describes a species' niche?

Accepted Answer

A)  where it lives
B)  what it eats
C)  all of the climatic conditions to which it is adapted
D)  with whom it reproduces
E)  its habitat and how it uses available resources in that habitatF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Organisms in an ecosystem are linked to their physical environment through the cycling of _____ and the transfer of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy; nutrients
B)  sunlight; nutrients
C)  nutrients; energy
D)  nutrients, sunlight
E)  nutrients; waterF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Many plants have specialist pollinators. That is, the plant has evolved adaptations that only allow one type of pollinator access to nectar when pollinating. This is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  coevolution.
B)  adaptive radiation.
C)  parasitism.
D)  commensalism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the niche of the species that compete. The figure below shows an example of this.  Resource partitioning results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals of each species sharing the resources that they both exploit.
B)  individuals of each species hybridizing in the region of overlap.
C)  a move from the fundamental niche to the realized niche for both species.
D)  a move from the realized niche to the fundamental niche for both species.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Aphids are small insects that suck sugars from the phloem of plants, at some cost to the plant. The ecological relationship between plants and aphids is:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism.
B)  parasitism.
C)  competition.
D)  None of the answer options is correct.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Approximately _____% of the energy and biomass available at one trophic level is passed to the next.

Accepted Answer

A)  100
B)  90
C)  50
D)  25
E)  10F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

The "realized niche" of Canada geese depends on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecific competition between Canada geese and other birds
B)  competitive exclusion of Canada geese by other organisms
C)  the distribution of Canada geese parasites
D)  the climate of a given environment
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

When would a researcher be MOST likely to observe resource partitioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  between two species, one predator and one prey
B)  between two sympatric species that eat similar-sized seeds
C)  between two sympatric species, one herbivore and one carnivore
D)  between two allopatric populations that eat the same thingE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 47: Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

You are MOST likely to observe succession in a terrestrial community where lichens were one of the first species to establish the area when you visit a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the niche of the species that compete. The figure below shows an example of this. Resource partitioning results in:

Correct Answer
verified

Competition and predation are one-sided interactions called _____, in which at least one participant experiences a loss.

Correct Answer
verified

Some species of ant "farm" aphids by protecting them from predators. In return, the ants feed on a sugar-rich liquid (called honeydew) secreted by the aphids. The ecological relationship between the ants and the aphids is:

Correct Answer
verified

Severe physical impacts on a habitat are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following BEST describes a species' niche?

Correct Answer
verified

Following a disturbance, the process by which species replace each other over time is/are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, which interaction involves one individual neither gaining nor losing?

Correct Answer
verified

The broad base at the primary producer level in a trophic pyramid is due to all of the following EXCEPT the:

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria in our large intestine break down foodstuffs that would otherwise be expelled as feces. As they break down the food, vitamins are released and absorbed. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

A species' niche is determined only by its physical environment.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Consider a species of fruit bat. Which of the following factors play a role in the distribution of these fruit bats?

Correct Answer
verified

Some bacteria in the human intestine aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, while utilizing these nutrients themselves as well. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

Organisms in an ecosystem are linked to their physical environment through the cycling of _ and the transfer of _.

Correct Answer
verified

Aphids are small insects that suck sugars from the phloem of plants, at some cost to the plant. The ecological relationship between plants and aphids is:

Correct Answer
verified

The "realized niche" of Canada geese depends on which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

When would a researcher be MOST likely to observe resource partitioning?

Correct Answer
verified

Many plants have specialist pollinators. That is, the plant has evolved adaptations that only allow one type of pollinator access to nectar when pollinating. This is a result of:

Correct Answer
verified

Approximately _____% of the energy and biomass available at one trophic level is passed to the next.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 47: Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

You are MOST likely to observe succession in a terrestrial community where lichens were one of the first species to establish the area when you visit a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the niche of the species that compete. The figure below shows an example of this. Resource partitioning results in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Competition and predation are one-sided interactions called _____, in which at least one participant experiences a loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some species of ant "farm" aphids by protecting them from predators. In return, the ants feed on a sugar-rich liquid (called honeydew) secreted by the aphids. The ecological relationship between the ants and the aphids is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe physical impacts on a habitat are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST describes a species' niche?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following a disturbance, the process by which species replace each other over time is/are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, which interaction involves one individual neither gaining nor losing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The broad base at the primary producer level in a trophic pyramid is due to all of the following EXCEPT the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria in our large intestine break down foodstuffs that would otherwise be expelled as feces. As they break down the food, vitamins are released and absorbed. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A species' niche is determined only by its physical environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider a species of fruit bat. Which of the following factors play a role in the distribution of these fruit bats?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some bacteria in the human intestine aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, while utilizing these nutrients themselves as well. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms in an ecosystem are linked to their physical environment through the cycling of _____ and the transfer of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aphids are small insects that suck sugars from the phloem of plants, at some cost to the plant. The ecological relationship between plants and aphids is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "realized niche" of Canada geese depends on which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When would a researcher be MOST likely to observe resource partitioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many plants have specialist pollinators. That is, the plant has evolved adaptations that only allow one type of pollinator access to nectar when pollinating. This is a result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately _____% of the energy and biomass available at one trophic level is passed to the next.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Organisms in an ecosystem are linked to their physical environment through the cycling of _ and the transfer of _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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